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Dementia Information Guide: Symptoms, Causes, and Diagnosis

 

Dementia is a general term for a decline in cognitive function. People with dementia may have problems with memory, language, thinking, problem solving, and other functions that affect daily living.

Dementia is not a normal part of aging. Certain disorders cause changes in the brain that trigger the symptoms associated with dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for up to 80% of senior dementia cases.

 What are the signs and symptoms of dementia in the elderly?

Occasional forgetfulness is normal, but persistent memory loss that continues to worsen warrants a visit to the doctor. People with dementia rarely complain of memory loss or other problems associated with cognitive impairment. It’s much more common for family members and friends to notice signs and symptoms of dementia before their loved one does.

Talk to your parent’s doctor if you notice any of these signs and symptoms:

  • Short-term memory loss or problems retaining new information
  • Difficulty performing complex tasks, such as balancing a checkbook or learning new technology
  • Trouble with language and speech, such as forgetting common words
  • Disorientation, such as getting lost in familiar places or being confused about dates and people’s identities
  • Difficulty with reasoning, such as dealing with unexpected events

Dementia is often progressive. This means that signs and symptoms of dementia continue to get worse over time.

 What causes senior dementia?

Dementia is caused by diseases that affect the brain and damage brain cells. In people with dementia, brain cells gradually lose the capacity to communicate with each other appropriately. This affects thinking, behavior, and feelings.

There are several common causes — sometimes called types — of dementia.

  • Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia. Alzheimer’s progressively damages brain cells, hindering someone’s memory and their ability to think and carry out even basic daily living tasks in later stages of the disease. Alzheimer’s is caused by plaques and tangles in the brain that damage brain cells and fibers that connect them
  • Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia. This type of dementia is a result of damage to the vessels that supply blood to the brain. Vascular dementia is associated with stroke and other vascular brain injuries. Common symptoms of vascular dementia include problems with focus, organization, and decision-making skills. Symptoms may begin suddenly and continue to worsen, but may sometimes go away
  • Lewy body dementia (LBD) affects more than one million people in the U.S. This type of dementia is associated with abnormal deposits of protein in the brain that cause changes in thinking, behavior, movement, and mood. Common symptoms include hallucinations, tremors, slowed movement, and problems with focus and attention
  • Frontotemporal dementia affects brain cells in the frontal and temporal lobes in the brain. These areas of the brain are associated with behavior, personality, and language. Frontotemporal dementia causes changes in how people think, act, speak, move, and make decisions. This type of dementia is a common cause of early-onset dementia, often affecting people in their 60s
  • Parkinson’s disease is associated with cognitive decline, accounting for about 4% of dementia cases. Memory loss isn’t a key symptom in this form of dementia, although it may occur. Common symptoms include disorientation, hallucinations, and problems with motor skills

 Who’s at risk for dementia?

Older adults and people who have a family history of dementia are at increased risk. Age is the main risk factor for dementia and specifically Alzheimer’s disease. The risk of dementia increases with age and doubles every 10 years after age 60. In fact, nearly 85% of dementia cases occur in people 75 or older.

Family history is another key risk factor for dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia. The risk doubles for people with a parent diagnosed with dementia before the age of 80.

However, researchers now believe there are other factors that increase the risk of dementia, and there are things you can do to help influence them. These factors include:

  • High blood pressure
    Lifestyle changes, such as eating a healthy diet that’s low in salt and exercising, can help control blood pressure. Sometimes, medication is needed.
  • Obesity
    In middle age, it is associated with a higher risk of dementia. Diet and physical activity are key to maintaining a healthy weight. The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend older adults be as physically active as possible. If your aging loved one has chronic health conditions, it’s important to talk to the doctor before starting any type of exercise program.
  • Diabetes
    It increases the risk for both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. If your loved one has diabetes, it’s important to manage it.
  • Depression
    Later in life, it is associated with an increased risk of dementia. Occasional sadness is normal, but if your loved one is sad or anxious for several weeks, it’s important to talk to the doctor about getting your parent checked for depression.
  • Smoking
    The connection between smoking and dementia is unclear, but there’s some evidence that older adults who smoke are at increased risk of Alzheimer’s, vascular dementia, and other forms of dementia.
  • Inactive lifestyle
    Studies have found that even a low to moderate level of physical activity can decrease the risk of dementia by 35%. Gentle exercises such as chair yoga, tai chi, or a simple walk around the block may be good options to get your aging loved one moving.
  • Social isolation
    There’s growing evidence that social isolation may be a risk factor for senior dementia. It also increases the risk of high blood pressure and depression — both risk factors for dementia.

 How is dementia diagnosed?

No single test can solely and conclusively diagnose dementia. Doctors rely on various tools and tests to eliminate factors that may be contributing to memory loss and other dementia symptoms.

The doctor will review your parent’s medical and family history. They will also perform a physical exam and may ask for laboratory tests.

Bring a complete list of all medications your parent takes to the appointment. The doctor will want to review it to look for possible side effects or drug interactions that may be causing your loved one’s symptoms. Several medications can affect cognitive function, including certain antidepressants, cholesterol-lowering medications, and sleeping aids.

Some ways the doctor may check for dementia include:

  • Interviewing your loved one to learn about their symptoms
  • Asking a family member or friend about changes they’ve noticed in their loved one’s memory, thinking, and behavior
  • Using cognitive assessment tools, such as the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to test your loved one’s memory and cognitive skills

Your parent may also need to have brain scans. An MRI can look for signs of a stroke or tumor. A PET scan can check for proteins in the brain that may indicate Alzheimer’s disease.

The thought your loved one may have dementia can be scary, but it’s important to get them checked.  Many treatable conditions can also cause memory loss, including side effects of medications, thyroid issues, nutritional deficiencies, and infections.

 What to expect after a dementia diagnosis

Dealing with a diagnosis of dementia can be stressful, overwhelming, and devastating. Seeking dementia information and learning about what to expect can help you get the support you need and plan to provide adequate care for your loved one.

As dementia progresses, your loved one may have difficulty performing simple tasks such as bathing, dressing, or using the toilet. They may demonstrate poor judgment as they become more disoriented. While some dementia behaviors may be as harmless as wearing inappropriate clothing for the current weather, others could be more serious.

It’s important to understand how you can keep your loved one safe. Certain medications can help with symptoms. Learning how to cope and manage dementia behaviors may improve quality of life.

If you need support planning for future dementia care or caring for a loved one with dementia, contact our Senior Living Advisors. Memory care communities include 24-hour supervision to prevent wandering, help with activities of daily living, and provide meal services and health care as needed.

For more information, contact one of our Sales Directors today!

 

 

 

Source: Angelike Gaunt

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Your Complete Guide to Assisted Living

 

Assisted living provides long-term housing and care for seniors. Assisted living residents are generally active, but may need support with activities of daily living (ADLs), such as bathing, dressing, and using the toilet. Seniors in assisted living can expect personalized care, nutritious meals, a wide range of social activities to cater to a variety of interests, and a sense of community in a safe, residential setting.

What are the benefits of assisted living?

While each community is different, assisted living offers services and amenities to focus on important aspects of senior wellness, including physical health, intellectual stimulation, and social connection. These three foundational pillars help slow cognitive decline and keep seniors healthier and happier longer.

 Assisted Living Services

  • Assistance with hygiene and personal care
  • Medication management
  • Mobility assistance
  • Nutritious meals
  • Health care services coordination
  • Social activities and outings
  • Transportation to appointments
  • Housekeeping
  • Laundry
  • Lawn maintenance and repairs

Peace of mind for families and improved quality of life for seniors are just a few of the many benefits of assisted living. Assisted living residents receive the support they need while enjoying the regular company of neighbors and staff members.

Many facilities offer comfort and convenience and eliminate the need for transportation. Assisted living amenities vary among communities, but some may include:

  • Beauty salons and barbershops
  • Movie theater
  • Library
  • Communal garden or courtyard
  • Pool or spa
  • Fitness center
  • Art studio
  • Chapel
  • Private event spaces

What’s the difference between assisted living and other senior care types?

Assisted living is a fast-growing type of senior care. More than 800,000 Americans live in an assisted living facility, according to the American Health Care Association and the National Center for Assisted L (AHCA NCAL).

While other senior care types may offer similar services to assisted living, there are some important differences worth noting.

Assisted living vs. nursing homes

Assisted living and nursing homes differ in many ways, although some people may think of these two senior care types as synonymous. Both assisted living and nursing homes offer housing, meal services, and help with ADLs, such as bathing, toileting, and walking. One of the biggest differences is that seniors in assisted living don’t require skilled nursing services like people in nursing homes.

Assisted living residents are generally active seniors who remain relatively independent with the exception of certain specific daily tasks. While they may have some health problems, seniors in assisted living don’t require 24-hour medical care and supervision. They may be interested in a maintenance-free lifestyle in a vibrant community that offers a variety of social activities and opportunities to stay engaged with friends and peers.

Like assisted living, nursing homes also offer activities for residents but assisted living facilities usually have more diverse options to cater to all tastes and preferences, including exercise classes, cooking workshops, outings to theaters, and more. The lifestyle at an assisted living facility is very different when compared to a nursing home. Assisted living accommodations may feel homier and more spacious, while nursing home residents often have to share a room.

The cost of care at nursing homes is also significantly higher when compared to assisted living. This is because seniors at nursing homes often need a higher level of care than what is offered at assisted living. In fact, seniors need a physician’s prescription to be admitted to a nursing home. Some may be debilitated and need intensive skilled care and supervision. Others may be bedridden or need a feeding tube.

Assisted living vs. memory care

Like assisted living, memory care is also a residential facility that provides meals and helps with daily activities. The main difference between assisted living and memory care is the specialized support memory care facilities offer for people with memory loss.

Assisted living may be a good solution for some seniors with early-stage dementia or Alzheimer’s. However, as their symptoms worsen, they’ll likely need the support offered at memory care facilities. Memory care staff receive regular, thorough training in dementia care to help prevent and manage difficult dementia behaviors, like sundown syndrome. Memory care also provides a secure environment with locked entrances and spaces designed to prevent wandering, along with memory-enhancing therapies to help seniors keep their cognitive skills as long as possible.

Increased security, specialized staff, and more one-on-one time for residents make care at memory care facilities significantly more expensive when compared to assisted living.

Many assisted living facilities also offer memory care. These communities often have a separate wing designated for residents with memory loss, where trained staff provide the care, therapies, and support elderly adults with memory loss need. The transition to memory care may be easier for these seniors as they’re able to stay in the same community even as their disease progresses.

Assisted living vs. independent living

Independent living and assisted living cater to different senior needs. Both senior living options offer safe, senior-friendly housing and amenities, with social activities, outings, and restaurant-style meals. However, independent living differs from assisted living as it doesn’t provide help with activities of daily living, like bathing, dressing, and grooming. This means independent living is often less expensive than assisted living.

Independent living is for older adults who can live on their own but may desire convenience, community, and peace of mind. Independent living communities provide many on-site opportunities for community involvement and social engagement without the difficulty of arranging transportation. It also offers a maintenance-free lifestyle, where seniors can choose to delegate household chores like laundry and housekeeping, so they can spend more time pursuing their passions.

 Assisted living vs. home care

Home care offers care for seniors who wish to age in place and provides support and respite for caregivers. Home care aides are trained in senior care and can provide companionship, help with ADLs, light housekeeping, cooking, transportation, and more.

However, home care differs from assisted living when it comes to socialization, intellectual stimulation, and cost.

  • Socialization. While home care offers one-on-one care tailored to individual needs, seniors in assisted living enjoy a variety of social programs and outings in a community of peers.
  • Intellectual stimulation. Assisted living facilities offer classes and continuing learning opportunities for seniors that home care can’t provide, including art and craft studios, cooking workshops, brain games, and more.
  • Cost. The level of care provided by home care aides is based on needs, and costs are calculated by the type of care provided. Home care fees are charged by the hour. This means that home care may be an expensive alternative to assisted living, depending on how much care is needed.

Caring for an aging loved one at home may also require modifications to make their home safe and accessible. These could include simple additions such as grab bars, to more costly and difficult updates, including ramps, wider doorways, chair lifts, walk-in showers, and elevators.

How does assisted living support seniors?

Assisted living offers a social, active, and maintenance-free lifestyle for older adults who need some help with daily tasks. Assisted living residents receive the care they need while maintaining independence in a vibrant community that offers many opportunities to stay engaged.

Personalized care

Seniors have different needs as they age. Some may simply need medication reminders and prepared meals, while others may require help with bathing, dressing, or other daily activities. Assisted living facilities customize care to meet residents’ unique needs.

Assisted living communities evaluate potential residents’ cognitive and physical needs by conducting a thorough, in-person assessment before seniors move in. During this time, assisted living staff meet with the senior and their family to discuss any health conditions and assess fine motor skills, mobility, and cognition. This important step allows staff to determine the level of care a senior requires so they can develop a personalized care plan.

Care coordination

Care coordination is an important service offered at assisted living facilities. Assisted living staff maintain strong relationships with area physicians and other health care providers to ensure residents receive the care they need.

Care coordination at assisted living facilities may include:

  • Coordinating care with outside health care providers, such as primary care physicians, podiatrists, cardiologists, dentists, and more
  • Coordinating home health appointments for residents recovering from illnesses or injuries
  • Providing transportation to medical appointments
  • Assisting with medication management and diabetes support
  • Coordinating rehabilitation services, such as physical, occupational, and speech therapy to bring services onsite as needed, making appointments more convenient to residents
  • Coordinating hospice care while keeping residents comfortable

 Safety and peace of mind

Safety is often a concern for families of aging adults who live on their own. Seniors in assisted living can expect a safe environment with controlled access and security protocols.

Assisted living facilities have staff available 24 hours a day in case residents need help. Communities may have alert systems that allow residents to quickly get emergency help with a push of a button. Security systems may include cameras in common areas or motion sensors in private apartments to detect falls, a major health risk for elderly adults.

Nearly three million older adults go to the emergency room each year because of fall injuries, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Falls may lead to serious head or hip injuries. In fact, 95% of hip fractures result from a fall, according to the CDC.

Assisted living facilities assess seniors for fall risks before they move in and continue to evaluate residents periodically and as their health conditions change. Once staff understand a resident’s risk, they take steps to help keep seniors safe.

  • Managing medications. Assisted living staff manage medications to ensure residents are taking medicines as prescribed. They may also monitor for drug interactions and side effects like dizziness or drowsiness, which may put seniors at risk for falls.
  • Keeping seniors active. Many communities offer exercise classes to improve balance, mobility, and strength.
  • Proactively practicing safety. Spaces are accessible and designed to prevent falls, with safety features like even flooring and hand rails. Areas are kept free of clutter and fall hazards. Some facilities may also offer classes to teach seniors fall prevention techniques to reduce their fall risk.
  • Helping with personal care. Regular daily activities, like bathing or dressing, may be a fall risk for some elderly adults. Residents in assisted living receive help based on their unique needs.
  • Anticipating needs. Staff at assisted living facilities get to know residents, their routines, and habits to anticipate their needs. For example, if a senior wakes up early, staff make sure their eating and toileting needs are met in a timely manner to discourage unsafe behavior.

 Hassle-free living

A maintenance-free lifestyle is a key benefit of assisted living. Aging adults who struggle to keep up with cooking, housework, and home maintenance will find the support they need at an assisted living facility. Instead of spending time on burdensome chores, many seniors find they can pursue their interests and enjoy life more fully at an assisted living facility.

Seniors in assisted living can expect:

  • Meal services
  • Transportation to medical appointments
  • Housekeeping
  • Laundry services
  • Property maintenance

Nutritious, restaurant-style meals

Assisted living facilities understand that good nutrition is an important part of overall health. This is why assisted living meals are far from bland or boring. In fact, residents enjoy restaurant-style meals that include fresh, flavorful ingredients and fit their dietary preferences and needs. For example, communities may tailor menus to cater to the health needs of seniors with medical conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, or dysphagia. Some assisted living facilities may also offer vegetarian or Kosher-style menus.

Aging seniors who live on their own may lose interest in food. While some health conditions may lead to appetite loss, loneliness, or even a lack of energy to cook may also be factors, especially for those cooking for one.

Dining at an assisted living facility can be a social experience for those who enjoy sharing good conversation over meals. Facilities offer communal dining, making meal-time a fun and comforting part of the assisted living lifestyle. Seniors gather in a dining room to share meals, talk about their day, and make meaningful connections. Having someone to share a meal with often encourages seniors to eat better and make healthier food choices. Many communities also offer in-room dining for residents who prefer a quiet dinner.

A social, engaging environment

It’s no secret that social connection and engagement lead to happier lives. But did you know that social isolation can actually harm both mental and physical health?

Nearly 13.8 million seniors live alone, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. It’s not uncommon for older adults who live alone to feel lonely. Changes in family dynamics — such as divorce or the loss of loved ones — chronic illness, hearing loss, poor mobility, and lack of adequate transportation are just a few of the reasons seniors may feel isolated.

Loneliness can lead to habits that negatively affect health, like smoking, excessive drinking, and poor nutrition. It can also increase someone’s risk for depression, dementia, and heart disease, among other health conditions.

Assisted living offers plenty of opportunities for seniors to stay physically active, learn new skills, and engage with like-minded friends and peers. Enrichment programs and activities at assisted living facilities appeal to all kinds of interests, including sports, music, crafts, religious and spiritual practices, and more. While programs and activities vary from one community to the next, many assisted living facilities offer a wide range of options that allow residents with different levels of cognitive and physical skills to participate and feel included.

Senior-friendly, comfortable accommodations

Assisted living facilities offer a variety of room sizes and floor plans. Room options vary from one community to the next, but many facilities offer studios, one-, two-, and even three-bedroom apartments. Seniors may choose the accommodation type that best fits their needs, budget, and lifestyle.

Assisted living apartments are often furnished for convenience, but facilities usually allow residents to bring personal furniture and items as desired. Accommodations are designed for senior safety with accessibility features, such as grab bars in tubs and showers, non-slip flooring, and wide doors for seniors who need a wheelchair or walker.

Assisted living apartments usually include a private bathroom, and some may feature a kitchenette for seniors who enjoy cooking and can do so safely.

Many facilities allow couples to live in the same apartment. However, as you research different communities, it’s important to check what assisted living options for couples are available. In some cases, seniors with different care needs may not live together. For example, one person may need memory care while the other doesn’t. In this case, the senior with memory loss may live in a nearby memory care wing. Their spouse can conveniently join them for meals and activities.

Seniors moving to assisted living may also be able to bring their beloved pets. However, pet-friendly assisted living facilities may have pet policies, rules, and restrictions, and it’s important to understand these before moving.

Seniors who wish to bring their furry companions to assisted living should ask about:

  • Monthly pet fees
  • Animal type, breed, or size restrictions
  • Required pet health information and vaccinations
  • Pet care assistance and available services, such as dog walking, grooming, and feeding

 Is assisted living right for my loved one?

Assisted living is for older adults who need some help with personal care. It’s common for senior assisted living staff to provide help with bathing, dressing, toileting, bed transfers, and more.

Older adults in assisted living often have a health condition that limits their ability to live independently, but they’re generally active and engaged. Common health conditions among assisted living residents include high blood pressure, arthritis, heart disease, and early dementia.

Women make up more than 70% of the assisted living resident population, according to the AHCA NCAL. However, assisted living facilities also welcome aging men, and provide plenty of opportunities to engage seniors regardless of gender.

Assisted living may be the right choice for your aging loved one if they:

  • Need help with personal care, such as bathing and grooming
  • Don’t require 24-hour nursing care
  • Need help managing medications
  • Are at increased risk of falling
  • Feel isolated or lonely
  • Want to be a part of a vibrant community of peers
  • Enjoy social activities and programs, but don’t have access to transportation
  • Prefer a maintenance-free lifestyle

 What are assisted living requirements?

Before determining whether assisted living is right choice for your aging loved one, it’s important to understand the requirements for admission at an assisted living facility. Unlike skilled nursing facilities, assisted living communities don’t require a physician’s prescription for admission.

Some families may struggle with the decision to transition a parent to senior assisted living, but there may come a time when it’s no longer safe for a senior loved one to live on their own. As you call or visit, pay attention to signs that your aging relative may need help.

A decline in cognition — the ability to think clearly, learn new skills, and remember — may lead to unsafe and sometimes life-threatening behaviors. When visiting a parent, look for signs of cognitive impairment:

  • Do they seem more forgetful or confused?
  • Have you noticed mood swings or changes?
  • Do they often lose their train of thought during conversations?
  • Are they getting lost in familiar places?
  • Do they seem more anxious or irritable?
  • Do they lack energy or motivation?
  • Are they depressed?

You may also notice changes in your loved one’s appearance and hygiene that indicate it may be time to talk about a different living arrangement. For example, you may notice your parent has unintentionally lost weight quickly. Sudden weight loss in seniors could be a sign of a serious medical problem, but it may also signal depression, cognitive problems, or behavioral changes that impede good nutrition, like limited mobility or financial constraints.

If a loved one who’s typically well-groomed looks disheveled, or if their usually clean house seems cluttered, dirty, or disorganized, these could be warning signs that it may be time for assisted living.

Families who are caring for an aging loved one at home may find living with their parent isn’t working out, and may realize this living arrangement is hurting their relationship. Or they may reach a point when the stress of caregiving is affecting the caregiver’s health.

Caring for an aging relative is a major commitment that can sometimes cause friction. As a caregiver, it’s important to consider several factors:

  • Can you provide the care your parent needs? Some people may be willing to do the laundry and clean, but may not feel comfortable providing the personal care a parent needs, such as bathing and toileting.
  • Is caregiving affecting your relationship with your spouse and children? Caregiving is time-consuming. Is providing care for a loved one straining your other relationships?
  • Are you feeling burnt out? Do you feel like you’ve been neglecting your own health? Caring for an aging loved one can put a caregiver at risk for stress, depression, and chronic conditions, like diabetes or heart disease.

If you can’t care for an aging parent any longer, it may be time to consider assisted living. While many caregivers feel guilty about their decision, it’s important to remember that moving your loved one to senior living may result in improved relationships, health, and quality of life for both yourself and your aging loved one.

How do I move my loved one to assisted living?

Moving a parent to assisted living can be an emotional experience. You may feel guilty or nervous about the move, and wonder whether your senior loved one will adapt. Your family may not agree with your decision or you may be struggling with how to talk with your parent about moving to an assisted living facility. Downsizing and packing may also be stressful, overwhelming, and time-consuming.

Taking a step-by-step approach can ease anxiety and make the move smoother for your family and your aging loved one.

Talking to a loved one about assisted living

You may be dreading talking to your aging loved one about moving to assisted living. Elder care is often a difficult but important topic that families ultimately can’t avoid.

Having conversations regularly about senior care before an emergency situation arises is often best. Planning ahead will give you and your family time to think about options and discuss what you need to do to prepare.

However, if your aging parent needs immediate help, it’s time to hold a family meeting. Consider your family dynamics to decide who to include. If your senior loved one is in good mental health, it may be a good idea to involve them.

Set aside dedicated time, without distractions, to discuss their needs and potential solutions. It’s also important to be open to having a series of conversations before your family agrees on the right senior care choice.

 Tips for talking to your parent about assisted living

  • Pick the right time. Make sure you have enough time to talk about your loved one’s needs and care. Don’t try to sneak in the topic during a Thanksgiving dinner, for example. Schedule a family meeting and be clear about what you want to discuss.
  • Decide who to include. Involve siblings and other family members who care for your loved one. Most importantly, consider including your aging parent in the conversation and the decision.
  • Be empathetic. Ask open-ended questions and listen. For example, you may have noticed your parent is struggling with managing their medications. Ask how they feel about it, and share your concerns with compassion. Let them know you care and are simply worried about their well-being.
  • Set the right tone. Emphasize your role as an advocate for their health and safety. Be open to discussing potential solutions, and create a list of pros and cons.
  • Do your research first. Look for potential assisted living options that match your loved one’s needs and interests before the meeting. Share brochures, pictures, and information to involve your parent in the decision.
  • Revisit the conversation. You may not reach a unanimous consensus right away. Be prepared to have multiple conversations before you find the right care solution for your loved one.

Downsizing before moving to assisted living

Helping your senior loved one downsize before moving to an assisted living facility can be an emotional task. Belongings may be filled with treasured memories that you and your parent don’t want to let go of.

But before deciding what to take or what to leave behind, it’s important to understand the space your loved one will have after they move. It can be helpful to ask for a floor plan and dimensions of the assisted living apartment before moving day.

Assisted living accommodations often come furnished, but many communities allow residents to bring personal items. Bringing a few cherished pieces may make your loved one’s new space feel more like home. It’s also a good idea to ask what appliances are provided. For example, you might want to ask if apartments are equipped with a mini-fridge, coffee maker, or microwave.

When packing, consider bringing the following:

  • Personal items, like medication, toiletries, clothing, photos and keepsakes, jewelry, and eyeglasses
  • Entertainment items, like books, movies, hobby supplies, computer, or iPads
  • Houseware, like hangers, towels, bedding, and a small selection of plates, cups, and cookware
  • Decorative items, like plants, pictures, and mirror
  • Furniture pieces, like a favorite recliner, desk, or dresser
  • Cleaning supplies, like dish soap, paper towels, and surface wipes

How do I ease my loved one’s transition to assisted living?

No matter how prepared you and your loved are for the move to assisted living, it’ll take time to adjust to this new living arrangement. It’s important to be realistic about your expectations and understand that your parent’s fears and apprehensions — and your own — are normal.

Your family member will need to adjust to a new home and routine. They may also feel emotional about leaving their old residence and belongings. It may take a few months before your loved one fully feels at home.

So how do you help ease your parent’s transition to assisted living?

  • Be optimistic. Focus on positive aspects of the move, such as the programs and activities, safety, and social interactions, but don’t dismiss your loved one’s concerns. Talk to the community staff if there’s something they can do to improve your loved one’s stay.
  • Encourage participation. Your parent will feel more at home if they’re involved in the community. Review the community’s calendar of activities with them to see what appeals to their interests.
  • Visit regularly. Making a plan to visit often can ease your parent’s fears of abandonment. Create an in-person or virtual visitation schedule with other family members and friends. But also allow time for your loved one to find new friends and participate in the community programs independently.

Participate in their care. Stay in touch with the facility staff to understand what’s going well and what’s not, and proactively stay in involved in your loved one’s care.

 

For more information on assisted living, contact one of our Sales Directors today!

 

 

 

Source: Claire Samuels

By

Telling Your Family You Can No Longer Care for Elderly Parents

 

When you’ve decided that you can’t continue to be your parent’s primary caregiver, how do you break it to the family? And how do you manage your own feelings of sadness and guilt?

“Other people don’t always like or understand our decisions,” says Steven Zarit, a professor in the human development and family studies department at Pennsylvania State University and a caregiver support group leader. “We all have limits on what we are able to do, and if we have done the best we can and can’t go on, we shouldn’t feel guilty,” Zarit says.

1. Reframe your decision

It’s normal to feel guilty when you decide to stop being a caregiver for a loved one, but there are other ways to view this change.

 2. Consider how others will be affected

Your decision to no longer be your parent’s primary caregiver will probably bring change for your other family members, too. They may resent your decision and worry that they’ll now have to put more time and effort into caregiving.

Undoubtedly, there will be complex family dynamics. Past issues between siblings may resurface. And any kind of change is usually difficult for everyone at first.

When she holds family meetings, Qualls finds it effective to ask, “What is most important to you about your mother’s life from today until the day she dies?” This question can help people focus on the parent rather than siblings’ perceived shortcomings or family history. It’s also an opportunity to brainstorm and collaborate.

 3. Communicate with care and compassion

When you explain that something needs to change, make it clear to siblings that you’re not telling them what to do or forcing them into something they don’t want to do. It’s helpful to use inclusive language, such as:

  • “Here are my thoughts”
  • “I could use your help figuring out the next steps”
  • “We’re in this together”
  • “Do you have any other ideas?”

Sometimes the discussion can get heated. But rather than argue, tell family members you’ve done the best you can, and really believe it. If there’s pushback, stay calm.

You might say, “Maybe I could’ve done things differently, but I’ve truly reached the end of the line and need some help.” If they seem willing, tell them they’re welcome to take over caregiving responsibilities.

For some families, it makes sense to find a neutral, third party with clinical training to manage or attend the meeting. Your local Area Agency on Aging may be able to recommend a geriatric care manager, an elder mediator, or a family therapist to help facilitate your discussion.

4. Remember to acknowledge your feelings

Do you think others are judging you for not being a good enough daughter or sibling, or for abandoning the original caregiving plan? Do you believe that yourself? Do you feel someone else could have done better? Are others constantly criticizing your caregiving decisions?

If so, try to have self-compassion and be kind to yourself. Feeling exhausted, inadequate, or resentful is often what happens when caregivers set boundaries or change the rules.

Remember that others have been in your situation before, and there are ways to talk to them. Consider joining an in-person or online caregiver support group.

 What’s the next step?

Once you’ve discussed your desire for a caregiving change, you may decide as a family that your aging loved one needs more help than you or your siblings can provide.

For more information on finding the care you need, contact one of our Sales Directors today!

 

 

 

Source: Danny Szlauderbach

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ADLs and IADLs: An Essential Guide for Seniors

 

Understand how to assess your aging loved one’s ability to complete activities of daily living (ADLs) to help ensure they live their best life.

ADLs are basic tasks a person needs to be able to do on their own to live independently. Health issues and aging may make it difficult for seniors to complete certain everyday self-care tasks that are essential to keep them healthy and safe.

The Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living is an effective tool used to assess overall health and functional status of older adults and those with disabilities. Basic ADLs include six essential skills:

  1. Bathing and showering: the ability to bathe self and maintain dental, hair, and nail hygiene

  2. Continence: having complete control of bowels and bladder

  3. Dressing: the ability to select appropriate clothes and
    outerwear, and to dress self independently

  4. Mobility: being able to walk or transfer from one place to another, specifically in and out of a bed or chair

  5. Feeding (excluding meal preparation): the ability to get food from plate to mouth, and to chew and swallow

  6. Toileting: the ability to get on and off the toilet and clean self without assistance

 What are instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)?

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, or IADLs, are more complex activities required for senior independent living that often involve thinking and organizational skills. IADLs outlined by the Lawton-Brody scale assessment include:

  • Cleaning and housekeeping, including maintenance and other home care chores
  • Doing laundry
  • Managing money
  • Managing medications and taking medicines as directed
  • Preparing meals
  • Shopping for groceries and other necessities
  • Transportation, including changing residences and moving
  • Using communication devices, including the telephone or computer

Why are ADLs and IADLs important for caregivers?

ADLs represent everyday tasks that challenge both mental and physical capabilities. A person needs to have the physical ability to perform ADL tasks themselves, and the planning and mental capacity to conceptualize the tasks and understand what needs to be done.

Conversely, a decline in the ability to complete basic ADLs may not be noticeable until later stages of dementia or physical disability.

Knowing your loved one’s ability to complete ADLs can help you and your aging parent’s doctor answer these questions:

  • Do you or a neighbor need to check on your aging parent routinely?
  • Does your aging loved one need physical therapy?
  • Is your aging parent able to continue living independently?
  • Would moving to an assisted living community be beneficial?

ADLs can also help caregivers and health care professionals understand the level of care needed. The level of care for someone who can’t complete IADLs is different from the care needed by someone who can’t complete basic ADLs.

In some cases, IADL deficiencies may be managed by different service providers, such as a senior meal preparation or delivery service, a housekeeper, or a money management professional. ADLs require more intensive, hands-on care.

Families rarely ask about ADLs until a parent or senior loved one is going through the process of assessment for long-term care, says Dr. Leslie Kernisan, a geriatric expert.

“If someone is concerned about their mom, then knowing how they’re doing with ADLs is important. It can educate a person and take them from feeling like ‘Mom needs help, I’m worried,’ to be able to answer questions like, ‘OK, where does she need help?’” she says.

She recommends bringing up changes in a loved one’s ability to do these tasks when talking with a physician.

According to Kernisan, it’s a good idea to share changes in ADLs with your loved one’s medical team because:

  • A change in ADL can trigger medical evaluations that may uncover a medical issue. It’s important to understand the root cause of the problem or change in ability.
  • Understanding root causes can help you and your loved one’s doctor work together to find ways to improve function. Some common ways to improve function include medical treatment, physical therapy, or a device such as a walker.
  • Understanding ADLs is critical to having an accurate care plan. If your parent’s doctor doesn’t realize there’s a functional problem, the care plan they create may not be in line with your loved one’s abilities. For example, if the doctor isn’t aware that your loved one is sometimes forgetful, then their expectation that your parent can regularly monitor their blood sugar on their own may not be realistic.

 How are ADLs and IADLs assessed?

ADLs and IADLs can be assessed in a variety of ways. Caregiver input can be helpful to create a bigger picture of a person’s functional status. However, caregiver burnout and the tendency to overestimate or underestimate someone’s true abilities can make this method less accurate than others.

Self-reporting can also help get the conversation about ADLs started. No one understands a situation better than the person experiencing it. Self-reporting is especially helpful when individuals have minimal cognitive decline. However, self-report measures leave the results open to a person’s own interpretation.

While a health care professional’s report is often believed to provide the most objective view of a person’s functional status, a combination of assessments may fully capture the picture of disability for a given individual.

The 3 types of ADL assessments physicians use

Health care professionals commonly use these tools to assess ADLs:

  • The Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living: This is the best choice for patients in long-term care, where disability is generally more severe and stable

  • The Barthel ADL Index: This assessment covers two additional domains, including grooming and stairs. It’s best suited to acute care settings, as it is more detailed and better detects subtle changes in a person’s health

  • The Functional Independence Measure (FIM): This option is more comprehensive, combining ADLs with IADLs and other social domains

Signs that it’s time to assess ADLs and IADLs

Kernisan suggests keeping an eye out for specific safety factors when visiting a senior relative, including:

  • Driving: Have there been any accidents or close calls? Do passengers feel worried?

  • Elder abuse: Do you have any concerns about emotional, financial, physical, or verbal abuse?

  • Finances: Are there problems paying bills? Are you concerned about scams?

  • Health: Has your loved one had any falls? Have there been repeated trips to the ER or hospital?

  • Memory and thinking: Have there been problems with forgetting, getting lost, or wandering? Is there concern about poor awareness or poor judgment?

If you answered “yes” to any of the above questions, it may be time to assess your aging loved one’s ADLs and IADLs, either by a medical professional or from your perspective as a family member.

 ADL and IADL: assessment tips for caregivers

As you assess your loved one’s ADLs and IADLs capabilities, follow these tips:

  • Ask your siblings’, friends’, or neighbors’ opinions. Inquire about any changes you’ve noticed in your loved one’s abilities. Pick two or three people to discuss your concerns.

  • Assess on a spectrum. Ask yourself whether your loved one can do the task a little bit, sometimes, or often rather than a simple “yes, they can do the task,” or “no, they can’t.

  • Be patient. “If a person is doing a task more slowly than they used to, it doesn’t mean they can’t do the task,” says Kernisan.

  • Consider the time of day and how tired they are. Many seniors have sharper cognitive abilities and more energy in the morning.

  • Consider their health. If they’re fatigued or fighting a virus, their abilities can be momentarily impaired.

  • Find the time. “It’s common to be in a hurry and it’s difficult to find the time to observe, but it’s important to take the time and when you do, be patient,” Kernisan says.

  • Look at your own preconceived notions about your loved one. Are they interfering with your ability to make an impartial assessment?

  • Make the effort to help correct what you can. Ensure your loved one can live life to the best of their abilities and as independently as possible.

If your loved one is unable to perform daily tasks outlined in the ADLs and IADLs, or if you have other safety factors, it may be time to discuss increasing their level of support.

 ADLs and IADLs: a checklist for the elderly

When it comes to assessing ADLs and IADLs, there’s a lot of technical information about different assessments. This can be overwhelming for families to navigate.

Here’s what Dr. Kernisan recommends:

  • Ask your aging parent’s doctor if a change in medical plan is required (for example, a complicated diabetes plan may need to be revised)
  • Ask if your loved one qualifies for a service like Medicaid
  • Ask what’s causing any issues or inabilities
  • Be aware of your loved one’s true abilities when it comes to ADLs and IADLs
  • Consider whether the limitations have short- or long-term implications
  • Help your loved one remain independent as long as possible with adaptive assistance
  • Seek treatment

 How to get help with ADLs for your loved one

If you’re worried about your loved one’s ability to perform everyday tasks, connect with their doctor to discuss your concerns. It’s important to identify any limitations your aging parent may have, but it’s even more critical to support them by finding solutions to help solve or alleviate those limitations, or by finding the care they need.

Taking these steps will help your loved one to be as independent as possible so they can enjoy a greater quality of life.

In some cases, simple lifestyle adjustments such as hearing or vision aids, physical therapy, or assistive devices to make bathing, transferring, or using the toilet easier can help your loved one perform ADLs independently.

 

For more information on finding the care you need, contact one of our Sales Directors today!

 

 

 

Source: Angelike Gaunt

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COVID-19 Vaccine Numbers to Date

 

The biggest vaccination campaign in history has begun. More than 51.9 million doses in 51 countries have been administered, according to data collected by Bloomberg. The latest rate was roughly 2.35 million doses a day, on average.

Vaccinations in the U.S. began Dec. 14 with health-care workers, and so far 16.3 million shots have been given, according to a state-by-state tally by Bloomberg and data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In the last week, an average of 806,716 doses per day were administered.

The U.S. rollout fell short of federal projections as vaccinations proceeded unevenly across the states. The initial round of shots through early January has been doled out primarily through hospitals and other institutional health-care settings. The next phase will draw more on pharmacies and health clinics—places where vaccines are more traditionally administered—and will broaden the pool of people eligible to get the shots. Some states are turning sport stadiums and theme parks into mass vaccination centers.

In an effort to speed up vaccinations after a rocky rollout, the U.S. government on Jan. 12 began encouraging states to start immunizing all residents 65 and older, along with those ages 16 and older with certain medical conditions. The directive would open vaccinations up to more than a third of the U.S. population—more than the current supply of vaccines could support.

The U.S. is managing state allocations of Pfizer and BioNTech’s vaccine, as well as Moderna’s shot and has said it will make more shots available in order to increase vaccinations. Both vaccines require two doses taken several weeks apart. At least 2.12 million people have completed the two-dose vaccination regimen.

 

For more information regarding the vaccine, contact one of our Sales Directors today!

 

 

 

Source: Bloomberg.com